Changes in death fear during COVID-19 in Hubei, China: The effects of life-history and current external environment

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the spread of deadly virus globally compels individuals to reevaluate death and dying, and this forced awareness of death influences adaptation to a changing environment. Several studies have employed artificial laboratory settings of mortality salience or subliminal death primes to increase mortality awareness and mortality threat perception. However, few studies have used natural settings to activate a larger ecological network of perceived mortality threats. To understand such natural environment conditions under which individuals feel most fearful for their safety and lives, the goal of this study is to examine whether changes in overall fear of death varied according to individual distinctions in life history (LH) strategy and current environmental status under the COVID-19 pandemic. Residents of Hubei, China (N = 202) reported their fear of death subject scores once during and once after the mandatory lockdown period. The results revealed that LH was associated with fear of death, and the current environment moderated this association, suggesting that slow LH strategy was predictive of more intense death fear at lower levels of mortality threat in a given environment than at higher levels of this threat. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement In the present study, we compared individual differences in life-history behavioral and cognitive profiles in influencing death fear during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We explored the moderating role of environmental unpredictability in the relationship between fear of death and LH during and after compulsory lockdown. This study employed natural environments to activate a more comprehensive network of death-related concepts as the global spread of the virus progresses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The Association of Restrained Eating and Overeating during COVID-19: A Cross-Lagged Model.

Widespread overeating has been found during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study investigated whether pre-pandemic restrained eating (RE) predicted overeating during the pandemic, and further explored the behavioral (mortality threat, negative affect) mechanisms underlying this association. An eight-month longitudinal survey was conducted with a large sample of 616 undergraduates from Southwest university. From September 2019 to April 2020, three measurements were conducted. RE was tested before the pandemic (T1), and data of mortality threat, negative affect, and overeating were collected at the middle (T2) and end of (T3) the COVID-19 crisis in China. The correlation results showed that baseline RE was positively associated with mortality threat, negative affect, and overeating at T2 and T3. Moreover, negative affect and mortality threat were positively correlated with overeating. Results from longitudinal mediation showed that baseline RE would positively predict T3 overeating through T2 negative affect, but not T2 mortality threat. This study supports and extends the counterregulatory eating hypothesis that RE positively predicts future overeating, especially through negative emotions. These findings further reveal the core psychological mechanism underlying this positive RE-overeating relation in the context of COVID-19, indicating that the individuals with higher RE could not cope with negative affect adequately, contributing to more overeating.

Trait self-control and disinhibited eating in COVID-19: The mediating role of perceived mortality threat and negative affect.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, people are at risk of developing disinhibited eating behaviors. This study aimed to examine whether perceived mortality threat and negative affect mediate the relationship between trait self-control and disinhibited eating during the pandemic. A longitudinal survey was administered to a sample of college students (N = 634) before the outbreak (September 2019, T1), during the mid-term (February 2020, T2), and in the later stage of the pandemic (April 2020, T3). Self-report measures of trait self-control (T1), perceived mortality threat (T2, T3), negative affect (T2, T3), and disinhibited eating (T2, T3) were successively completed. Trait self-control was found to be negatively associated with negative affect, perceived mortality threat, and disinhibited eating during the mid-term and later stage of the pandemic. Disinhibited eating was positively associated with negative affect and perceived mortality threat. The longitudinal mediation results demonstrated that trait self-control (T1) could negatively predict disinhibited eating (T3) through negative affect (T2) rather than through perceived mortality threat. These findings suggest that trait self-control is of great importance in regulating psychological discomfort and disinhibited eating during stressful periods and that negative affect might be the main psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between self-control ability and disinhibited eating.